焦利氏称说明书，UDX-42/43/44水位传感器

焦利氏称说明书

Instruction of Jolly Balance

焦利氏称说明书，UDX-42/43/44水位传感器用途：

Purpose:

供大专学校基础物理课实验用，可测定负荷与弹簧伸长的关系，液体的表面张力系数，物体的比重以及微小物体重量的称衡。

Used for experiment in fundamental physics course of colleges and universities, the balance can measure the relationship between load and spring extension, surface tension coefficient of liquid, specific density of object and micro-object weight.

焦利氏称说明书，UDX-42/43/44水位传感器结构及基本性能：

Structure and basic performance:

仪器如图示，在装有水平调节螺丝②的三足座①上，竖直装一套筒④，套筒顶端安装0.1刻度的游标⑤，筒内插入刻有毫米度尺的筒管⑥，利用旋扭③通过里面的滑轮，链条可调节刻度筒管在套筒中升降，螺钉⑦供固定弹簧⑧之用，带小缺口的夹子⑩供夹持指标管11用夹子16供夹持平台套筒，旋扭17调节平台15的升降。本仪器另附有表面张力线框14、玻皿盘13、铝盘12和指标镜⑨，磷铜丝绕制的弹簧共三种规格列表如下：

焦利氏称说明书，UDX-42/43/44水位传感器

④ is vertically installed on the three-leg base① with level adjustment screw②. 0.1 scale cursor⑤ is installed on top of the sleeve, and bobbin⑥ with the scale of millimeter is inserted in the sleeve. Rotary knob③ can, through the internal pulley and chain, adjust the height of scaled bobbin in the sleeve. Bolt⑦ is used to fix spring⑧, and clamp⑩ with small gap to hold index tube11. Clamp16 is used to nip platform sleeve. Rotary knob17 lifts or lowers platform15. The instrument is also attached with surface tension line case14, glass tray13, aluminum tray12, and index mirror⑨. Spring made of phosphor bronze wire falls into the following three specifications:   

    弹簧形状   磷铜丝直径（毫米）  负荷（克）

     柱形        0.5                  30

     锥形        0.5                  15

     锥形        0.6                  30

Spring form  Phosphor bronze wire diameter (mm)    Maximum load (gram) 

     Column        0.5                      30

     Taper          0.5                      15

     Taper          0.6                      30

使用方法：

Using method:

1.测定弹簧的伸长与负荷的关系

1. Measure the relationship between spring extension and load

将弹簧的上端（如图）用螺钉⑦固定住，指标管11用夹子夹牢，穿过指标管在弹簧下端挂上指标镜⑨，再在指标镜下面挂上铝盘12，若指标镜与指标管接触，可用三足座上的水平螺丝及弹簧上端的夹头进行调节。使刻度尺的起始线对准游标的起始线，指标管和指标镜上的刻线对准。

Fix the upper end of spring (shown as the figure) with bolt⑦, nip index tube11 with clamp, hang index mirror⑨ at the lower end of spring through index tube, and then hang aluminum tray12 below index mirror. If index mirror touches index tube, they can be adjusted with the level screw on the three-leg base and the clamp on the upper end of spring. At last, the starting line of dividing ruler should be at the same line with that of cursor, and index tube at the same line with the scale line on index mirror.

每次在铝盘中加0.5-1克重的砝码，并转动旋扭③使指标镜与指标管上的刻度始终对准。每次刻度尺升高的长度，即为加相应重量的砝码弹簧伸长的长度，记下每次的结果，即可找出所加负荷与弹簧伸长的关系，求出弹簧的弹性系数。

Add 0.5-1gram poise in aluminum tray each time, and rotate rotary knob③ to make index mirror always at the same line with the scale on index tube. The lifting length of dividing ruler each time is the length of the extension of spring with the corresponding poise. At last, the relationship between load and spring extension can be found, and flexibility coefficient of spring be calculated through recording the result each time.

2．测量物体的重量

2. Measure object weight

仪器安装如前，在铝盘中放上待测物体，并转动旋扭③使指标镜与指标管上的刻线对准。用砝码替换铝盘中的物体，使指标镜与指标管上的刻线仍对准，盘中所加砝码的重量即待称物体的重量（亦可根据弹簧的伸长及前面测出的弹性系数计算出物体的重量）。

The instrument is installed as the above. Place the object to be measured in the aluminum tray, and rotate rotary knob③ to make index mirror at the same line with the scale on index tube. Replace the object with poises, and make index mirror still at the same line with the scale on index tube. The weight of poises in the tray is the weight of the object (the object weight can also be calculated according to the extension of spring and flexibility coefficient measured above).

3．测量固体的比重（以下溶于水者为限）

3. Measure the specific density of solid (in the limit of dissolving in water)

再在铝盘的下面挂上玻皿盘，在平台上放一玻璃杯水，使玻皿盘浸入水中。先将待测物体放在铝盘中按称物体重量的方法称出其重量。然后将它移放在玻皿盘上，并全部浸入水中，在铝盘中加砝码，直到指标镜上的刻线恢复到原来的位置（即待测物在铝盘中时的位置），盘中所加砝码的重量就是物体所排开的同体积的水的重量。待测物体的重量与同体积水的重量的比值即为其比重。

Hang glass tray below aluminum tray, and place a glass of water on the platform to make glass tray dipped in water. Place the object to be measured in aluminum tray and weigh out its weight according to the above method. Then move it to the glass tray and immense it in water completely. Add poises in aluminum tray until the scale line on index mirror restore to the original position (namely the position that the object to be measured in aluminum tray). The weight of poises in the tray is the weight of the same cubage of water expelled by the object. The proportion of weights of the object to be measured and the same cubage of water is its specific density.

4．测量液体的比重（以对玻盘及中间物无腐蚀作用为限）

装置如前，把一固体作为中间物，如前方法测量出其同体积的待测液体以及水的重量。同体积的待测液体的重量与同体积的水重量的比值，即为该液体的比重。

4. Measure the specific density of liquid (in the limit of no eroding glass tray and middle object)

The device is the same as the above. Take a solid as the middle object, and measure out the liquid of the same cubage and the weight of water according to the above method. The proportion of the weights of the liquid of the same cubage and the water of the same cubage is the specific density of the liquid.

5．测量液体的表面张力系数

5. Measure surface tension coefficient of liquid

先将盛液体的玻璃杯放在平台上，用表面张力线框代换玻皿盘挂在铝盘下面，转动旋扭③使指标镜与指标管的刻线对准，转动旋扭17使平台升起直到线框全部浸入液体中。然后慢慢地降下平台，使线框刚好在液面上（从液面下面往上看，可见此时线框与其在液面上成的像刚好重合，并随时校正指标镜的位置，使其刻线对准指标管上的刻线。记下此时刻度尺和游标的读数LO。缓慢地使平台下降使线框露出液面，并同时转动旋扭③使弹簧的上端升高，且始终保持指标镜与指标管上的饿刻线对准，直至线下附有的一层液膜破裂，记下刻度尺和游标的读数LO其差（L－LO）主要是由于表面张力所引起的，（L－LO）乘上弹簧的弹性系数即可算出液膜破裂时弹簧所施的拉力F（亦可在铝盘中加砝码，恢复到液膜破裂时的状态，所加砝码的重量即该力），量出线框的长度L。

Place the glass cup of liquid on the platform, and replace glass tray below aluminum tray with surface tension line case, rotate rotary knob ③ to make index mirror at the same line with the scale on index tube, and rotate knob17 to lift the platform until the line case is completely dipped in the liquid. And then lower the platform slowly and make line case just above the liquid surface (from the below of liquid surface to the above, we can see that line case just overlaps with its shade on the liquid surface. Adjust the position of index mirror at any moment to make its scale line at the same level with that on index tube. Record the readings LO of dividing ruler and cursor at the time. Gradually lower the platform to make line case exposed from the liquid surface, and rotate rotary knob ③ to lift the upper end of spring. To ensure that index mirror is always at the same level with scale line on index tube until the liquid membrane under the line breaks. Record the readings LO of dividing ruler and cursor. Its difference (L－LO) is mainly caused by surface tension. The pull F imposed by spring when the liquid membrane breaks can be calculated through the multiplicat